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Diet is often one of the topics that generates the most questions among people living with a thyroid disorder. The internet is full of "forbidden" food lists, but the reality is that not all recommendations apply equally to those suffering from hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
According to Cleveland Clinic specialists, nutritional needs can vary depending on each patient's diagnosis. In fact, a food that may pose a problem for one person could be completely safe for another. Additionally, some products and supplements can influence the absorption of thyroid medications or alter the functioning of this gland.
La soya no está prohibida, pero requiere precauciones
One of the foods that frequently causes concern is soy. As endocrinologist Ravali Veeramachaneni of Cleveland Clinic explains, the problem does not lie in consuming it, but in when it is ingested.
People with hypothyroidism often rely on hormonal medications to maintain adequate levels of thyroid hormone. Some studies suggest that consuming large amounts of soy or derived products near the time the treatment is taken could decrease the absorption of the medication.
Therefore, specialists recommend avoiding soy products for a few hours before and after taking medication. In contrast, those with hyperthyroidism can generally incorporate it into their diet without major issues.
¿Los tubérculos son malos para la tiroides?
There is a belief that root vegetables, or tubers, should be eliminated from the diet when a thyroid disease is present. However, experts point out that this claim is not correct.
Foods such as carrots, potatoes, or beets can be part of a balanced diet regardless of thyroid condition. However, there is an important exception: cassava.
Specialists warn that this tuber contains compounds that could affect the function of an underactive thyroid, especially when it is not cooked properly. For this reason, people with hypothyroidism should moderate their consumption or follow their doctor's recommendations.
El kelp y los suplementos de algas pueden representar un riesgo
Seaweed, especially kelp, stands out for its high iodine content. Consumed as part of a normal diet, it does not usually pose a problem, but concentrated supplements can indeed raise concerns.
Cleveland Clinic warns that some seaweed supplements contain high amounts of iodine, a mineral that participates in the production of thyroid hormone. In people with hypothyroidism, an excess could alter the balance sought through medication. While in those with hyperthyroidism, excess iodine could promote even greater production of thyroid hormones.
Therefore, specialists recommend avoiding the use of kelp supplements without medical supervision.
Verduras crucíferas: ¿enemigas o aliadas?
The cruciferous vegetable group includes foods such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, radishes, and some leafy greens.
Although these products are recognized for their nutritional benefits, experts point out that people with hypothyroidism should be careful with the excessive consumption of these vegetables when eaten raw. In very high quantities, they could make it difficult for the body to correctly use the iodine needed to produce thyroid hormones.
However, this does not mean they should be eliminated completely from the diet. The recommendation is to maintain a balanced diet and avoid excesses. For those suffering from hyperthyroidism, this type of vegetable does not usually represent a special concern.
¿Conviene tomar suplementos de yodo?
Another frequent recommendation is to avoid iodine supplements unless specifically indicated by a doctor.
Specialists remind us that iodine deficiency is uncommon in many countries because numerous foods contain this mineral or are fortified with it. Therefore, adding supplements on your own can generate more problems than benefits.
In people with hypothyroidism, excess iodine could alter hormonal treatment. Similarly, those who have hyperthyroidism could aggravate their condition by further stimulating the production of thyroid hormones.
La clave está en una dieta personalizada
Cleveland Clinic experts highlight that there is no universal diet for all people with thyroid diseases. The best strategy is to adapt nutrition to individual needs and maintain constant communication with the treating physician.
Before eliminating entire food groups or starting to take supplements, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional. This way, decisions can be made that support both thyroid function and the general well-being of the body.
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